Public sector banks in India are witnessing a sharp decline in their workforce. Recent data from the Reserve Bank of India reveals a significant drop in employee numbers, raising questions about the underlying causes and implications. This blog delves into the trends, reasons, and potential consequences of this development.
Workforce Trends in Public Sector Banks
Public sector banks employed 755,102 individuals in FY11. By FY24, the figure stood at 756,015, marking the lowest workforce count in 13 years. The workforce peaked in FY17 with 857,500 employees but has since declined by over 100,000. This reduction contrasts sharply with private sector banks, which have doubled their workforce to 845,841 during the same period.
Factors Contributing to the Decline
Impact of Bank Mergers
One of the primary reasons for this decline is the wave of bank mergers. For instance, in 2019, Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank merged into Bank of Baroda. The following year, 10 state-owned banks consolidated into four entities. These mergers resulted in fewer branches and reduced hiring needs, as many roles became redundant.
Shift in Employment Preferences
Private sector banks and fintech firms offer attractive cash payouts, while public sector banks focus on long-term benefits such as housing. This dichotomy is shifting younger professionals toward private opportunities. Additionally, employees often seek stability and better monetary rewards, which the private sector readily provides.
Digital Revolution and Fintech Expansion
Between FY18 and FY24, the rise of fintech firms, digital payments, and NBFCs created a surge in job opportunities across new-age financial services. These organizations actively recruit experienced talent from public sector banks, particularly for roles in risk management and technical functions.
Recruitment Slowdown
Annual recruitment at public sector banks has reduced significantly, focusing mainly on replacing attrition. This change stems from slower branch expansions and target-driven pressures. In FY24, state-owned banks accounted for only 23% of branch additions compared to private sector lenders.
Challenges Faced by Public Sector Banks
- Decline in Clerical Positions: The share of clerical jobs in banks has reduced from over 50% in the early 90s to just 17.8% as of FY21. This trend has further accelerated in recent years.
- Talent Mobility: Experienced professionals often leave for lucrative roles in private organizations, reducing the talent pool available for state-owned institutions.
- Relocation Policies: Frequent employee transfers in public sector banks can deter professionals seeking stable roles.
Conclusion
The decline in the workforce of public sector banks is a result of structural changes, evolving job preferences, and the rise of alternative financial service providers. While these banks continue to play a crucial role in India’s economy, addressing these challenges is vital for sustaining their relevance in a competitive landscape
