In a significant move aimed at reforming labour norms and expanding economic opportunities, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has unanimously passed a bill that extends the permissible working hours for shops and establishments from 9 to 10 hours a day. Alongside this, the bill also allows women employees to work night shifts in shops and commercial establishments — a change that overrides older restrictions and reflects evolving views on women’s employment rights and workplace participation.
This legislative shift marks a noteworthy departure from longstanding rules that limited women’s working hours, particularly after sunset. Proponents of the amendment argue that the changes align with modern business needs while balancing women’s safety and worker rights.
Key Changes Introduced by the Bill
The newly approved bill brings two major changes to existing labour regulations in the state:
Extended Work Hours:
Shops and commercial establishments can now operate for up to 10 hours per day instead of the earlier 9 hours. The total allowable working hours in a week have also been adjusted proportionately, offering more flexibility for businesses to manage staffing and customer demand.
Night Shifts for Women:
One of the most significant aspects of the bill is the removal of the age-old restriction that prohibited women from working night shifts in shops and establishments. Under the amended law, women employees may be scheduled for night work, provided certain conditions related to safety and welfare are met.
Why This Matters
For decades, labour laws in many Indian states had provisions limiting the working hours of women, especially after dark, based on concerns about safety and welfare. While well-intentioned, such measures also inadvertently restricted women’s economic participation, particularly in industries that operate beyond typical daytime hours — such as retail, hospitality, healthcare, and customer service.
By permitting women to work night shifts, Gujarat is signalling a shift toward greater labour flexibility and gender parity. This change allows women workers more opportunities in sectors where extended hours or late operations are the norm, potentially widening access to employment and progression in careers that were previously constrained by timing rules.
Safeguards and Conditions
While the bill authorises night work for women, it also requires employers to ensure the safety and welfare of female employees. This may include measures such as:
- Adequate lighting and secure access at workplaces
- Safe transport arrangements for women working late hours
- Proper facilities and supervision
- Compliance with labour welfare norms
The focus is to strike a balance between economic flexibility and worker protection. Government and labour bodies may issue further rules and guidelines on implementing these provisions effectively, including any compliance requirements on employers.
Broader Implications
The move could impact how businesses schedule staff, especially in retail hubs, shopping complexes, restaurants, and entertainment venues. Extended hours may allow shops to better serve customers while offering employees — including women — greater flexibility and earning potential.
However, the changes may also prompt discussions around workplace safety infrastructure, enforcement of welfare measures, and broader alignment with national labour law reforms. Workers’ unions and advocacy groups may continue to offer feedback on ensuring women’s rights and protections in night work environments.
