In a landmark judgment strengthening India’s environmental and wildlife protection framework, the Supreme Court of India has banned all mining activities within national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and a one-kilometre buffer zone around them. The ruling extends across the country, ensuring consistent protection for ecologically sensitive areas.
Pan-India Extension of Previous Orders
This decision expands upon earlier directions that applied only to Goa, making the restriction nationwide. The Court clarified that its previous order from 2023, which limited mining near protected areas, now applies across all states and union territories. This move comes amid growing environmental concerns over unregulated mining operations near biodiversity hotspots.
Focus on Wildlife Protection
The Supreme Court bench cited the grave risks mining poses to wildlife habitats, including noise, pollution, and habitat fragmentation. It reiterated that conservation zones serve as critical buffers for endangered flora and fauna, and any human interference in these regions endangers fragile ecosystems. The Court emphasized that environmental protection is integral to the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution.
Saranda Forest Case Leads to Broader Action
The judgment came during hearings concerning Jharkhand’s Saranda region, where the Court examined its status as a proposed wildlife sanctuary. Noting delays by the state, the bench directed the Jharkhand government to formally notify Saranda as a wildlife sanctuary to safeguard its rich biodiversity, which includes elephants, leopards, and rare plant species.
Protection of Tribal and Local Rights
Importantly, the Court ensured that tribal and forest-dwelling communities living in and around these areas will continue to enjoy their rights under the Forest Rights Act, 2006. The bench made it clear that environmental protection must go hand-in-hand with the welfare of indigenous populations who depend on forests for livelihood and culture.
Essential Infrastructure Unaffected
The Court clarified that existing schools, railways, healthcare facilities, and dispensaries located within or near protected areas will remain unaffected by the order. The ban specifically targets mining and related commercial exploitation, not essential public services or infrastructure projects.
A Milestone in India’s Conservation Efforts
This ruling consolidates previous directions on wildlife protection and marks a major national step toward sustainable environmental governance. By explicitly banning mining near sanctuary boundaries, the Supreme Court has reaffirmed India’s constitutional duty to preserve its natural heritage for future generations.
