Indian Railways (IR) has taken a significant step toward wildlife conservation by deploying AI-powered Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to protect elephants. The system uses Distributed Acoustic Sensors (DAS) with optical fiber technology to detect elephant movement on railway tracks. Upon detection, it alerts loco pilots, station masters, and control rooms to prevent collisions.
Currently, IDS operates over 141 Rkms in the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) region, a critical corridor for elephant movement. The successful implementation has encouraged expansion to other regions, with installation in progress across 1158 Rkms at a total cost of Rs. 208 crore.
Coordinated Response and Investigations
In the event of a collision, Zonal Railways collaborate closely with forest departments to investigate incidents. Immediate actions include imposing speed restrictions, alerting train crews, and conducting regular awareness meetings with forest officials.
Physical Infrastructure for Elephant Safety
Indian Railways has implemented additional measures to ensure elephant safety, including:
- Construction of Underpasses and Ramps: Facilitating safe elephant crossings.
- Trackside Fencing: Preventing elephant movement onto tracks.
- Signage Boards: Alerting loco pilots about elephant corridors.
- Vegetation Clearance: Removing edible plants near tracks to reduce attraction.
- LED Lights with Solar Power: Enhancing visibility in forest areas.
Innovative Technologies in Action
Further advancements include the use of thermal vision cameras for night-time detection and Honey Bee Buzzer devices at level crossings. The buzzing sound mimics bees, acting as a natural deterrent for elephants.
Additionally, forest department-appointed elephant trackers are deployed to monitor elephant movement. Upon detection, they alert railway authorities to take precautionary measures.
Positive Impact and Future Outlook
As a result of these comprehensive measures, elephant deaths on railway tracks have decreased significantly, from 26 in 2013 to 12 in 2024. The Ministry of Railways remains committed to expanding these initiatives across other vulnerable regions.
These efforts reflect a crucial step towards sustainable wildlife conservation, ensuring the safety of elephants while maintaining efficient railway operations. The successful collaboration between Indian Railways and forest departments sets a benchmark for integrating technology with conservation.
