Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a valuable opportunity for international students in the U.S. on an F-1 visa to gain work experience directly related to their field of study. It allows eligible students to work for up to 12 months, either before (pre-completion) or after (post-completion) finishing their academic program. However, any time spent in pre-completion OPT is deducted from the available post-completion OPT period.
OPT Eligibility and Time Limits: What International Students Must Know
To be eligible, students must complete one full academic year at a SEVP-certified U.S. college or university. This requirement can be met even if the student previously held another non-immigrant status. During school sessions, pre-completion OPT permits part-time work (up to 20 hours per week), while full-time work is allowed during school breaks. Post-completion OPT requires students to work at least 20 hours per week, either part-time or full-time.
The use of OPT time is cumulative. For example, if a student uses one year of part-time pre-completion OPT (20 hours/week), they lose six months of full-time post-completion OPT. If they use a full year of full-time pre-completion OPT, they are no longer eligible for post-completion OPT.
STEM OPT Extension: Eligibility, Application, and Requirements
Students with degrees in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) fields may be eligible for a 24-month extension of their post-completion OPT. To qualify, the student must have a degree listed on the STEM Designated Degree Program List, work for an employer enrolled in E-Verify, and have received an initial post-completion OPT grant.
To apply, students must contact their Designated School Official (DSO), who endorses Form I-20 and updates SEVIS. Students then file Form I-765 with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) along with the required fee. Work can only begin after receiving an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS.
DHS Rule Extends EAD Renewal Period to 540 Days
A recent rule by the Department of Homeland Security (effective January 13, 2025) permanently extends the automatic EAD renewal period from 180 to 540 days. This change aims to reduce employment gaps due to processing delays, offering relief to eligible EAD renewal applicants.
Summary:
OPT allows international F-1 students in the U.S. to gain up to 12 months of work experience related to their studies. STEM graduates may qualify for a 24-month extension. Recent DHS rules extend EAD renewals from 180 to 540 days, reducing employment gaps caused by processing delays.
